Wiki User 2009-09-25 15:23:48 Study now See answer (1) Copy the main points are: -record on nationalisation and welfare -economic problems which. Gaitskell adopted a similarly pragmatic approach to Britains budgetary problems and kept typically socialist long-term economic planning to a minimum. Secondly, the split right at the very top of the party meant that organisational preparations for upcoming elections were hampered, and the electoral machine was disarmed. Conservative pre-war blunders played a key role in Labour's victory due to the electorate remembering these mistakes. You need to log in to complete this action! The poor timing of the 1951 election can also be claimed to have weakened Labour's position. assortment of industries', Following clause IV While ill health may have played its part in weakening the Labour party, the lack of enthusiasm put into manifesto commintments was by far more significant. electricity-1948 Please wait while we set up your subscription TurnItIn the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: King's College London, Newcastle University, University of Bristol, University of Cambridge, WJEC, AQA, OCR and Edexcel, Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity, Height and Weight of Pupils and other Mayfield High School investigations, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes, Moniza Alvi: Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan, Changing Materials - The Earth and its Atmosphere, Fine Art, Design Studies, Art History, Crafts, European Languages, Literature and related subjects, Linguistics, Classics and related subjects, Structures, Objectives & External Influences, Global Interdependence & Economic Transition, Acquiring, Developing & Performance Skill, Sociological Differentiation & Stratification, The question as to why Labour won the 1945 election has been the source of much in depth study since the period. These acts included the reforms set out in the Beveridge plan, various other reforms and nationalisation. How Did The Petrov Affair Affect Australia. He beat the Zeitgeist, the vibe and the emotional appeals while leaving Clive Palmer and the Greens failing to live up to expectations. Food subsidies were sustained in order to negate inflation in living costs; levels of progressive taxation were preserved; regional development was the favoured way to control mass unemployment in the areas of urban industrial decline; nationalisation was seen as the solution in reviving core industries such as mining, which had been faltering in private hands. 1950 Surplus 297 million fell to The economy's recovery was further hindered by the short-sighted need to remain a world power. The split ran deep within the Labour party and consequently it was deeply weakened, so when it came to the 1951 election, Labour found it much harder to fight against the now united Conservatives who had been re-organisation under a new leader. Firstly, the Parliamentary party was split in its loyalties to the party leadership, and cohesion within the legislature was less assured. In the summer of 1950, the Korean War broke out. and failed to outline their By 1947, more than one fifth of British industry had been drawn into public ownership. called for Labour George Washington Bridgeopened in 1931.Two lanes were added in 1946, and a lower deck added in 1962. Little did Provow know at the time, but "Castle Bravo" and the five other tests he witnessed would have a direct effect on his health and the health of his friends he was serving on the . Why Did Labour Lose Power in 1951 | PDF | Labour Party (Uk) | National Health Service Why did Labour lose power in 1951 - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Its formation was the result of many years of struggle by working class people, trade unionists and socialists, united by the goal of working class voices represented in British Parliament. After the shock of the 1945 election, Labour appointed Lord Woolton as their party chairman: he was central to the revitalisation of the Conservatives and reorganised the conservative party effectively. Technicalities. threat of Russia (Start in the hope of taking advantage of Churchill's huge popularity. The Blitz also, more obviously, caused a huge rise in support for Labour's housing development plans. Churchill narrowly lost the 1950 contest (Labour's majority was reduced to six), but again he managed to sidestep retirement. ","created_at":"2015-05-24T10:39:56Z","updated_at":"2016-02-19T08:09:05Z","sample":false,"description":"","alerts_enabled":true,"cached_tag_list":"britain, history, 1951, labour, defeat, alevel, attlee, churchill, election, victory","deleted_at":null,"hidden":false,"average_rating":null,"demote":false,"private":false,"copyable":true,"score":35,"artificial_base_score":0,"recalculate_score":false,"profane":false,"hide_summary":false,"tag_list":["britain","history","1951","labour","defeat","alevel","attlee","churchill","election","victory"],"admin_tag_list":[],"study_aid_type":"MindMap","show_path":"/mind_maps/2798048","folder_id":675903,"public_author":{"id":348222,"profile":{"name":"alinam","about":null,"avatar_service":"gravatar","locale":"en-GB","google_author_link":null,"user_type_id":141,"escaped_name":"alinam","full_name":"alinam","badge_classes":""}}},"width":300,"height":250,"rtype":"MindMap","rmode":"canonical","sizes":"[[[0, 0], [[300, 250]]]]","custom":[{"key":"env","value":"production"},{"key":"rtype","value":"MindMap"},{"key":"rmode","value":"canonical"},{"key":"sequence","value":1},{"key":"uauth","value":"f"},{"key":"uadmin","value":"f"},{"key":"ulang","value":"en_us"},{"key":"ucurrency","value":"usd"}]}. so much about economics, The popularity of the 1942 Beveridge Report, which laid much of the groundwork for the establishment of the NHS and the Welfare State, was an endorsement of Labour politics. To gain an understanding of the election one must study the context surrounding the election. The Conservatives' campaign focused on Churchill and international relationships rather than any major new reforms that the electorate so desperately wanted. There are several causes which can be established, first by looking at the events of the Attlee years and then isolating those points at which factors were working toward the party's defeat.The 1945-1946 period of Labour government sought to address some key difficulties facing the nation following World War II. The new Chancellor Sir Stafford Cripps expected of the country an austere realism which entailed the retention of rationing. Gaitskell had imposed upon the health service prescription charges for glasses and false teeth, which to Bevan and other NHS idealists represented the betrayal of NHS founding principals. By 1951, however, their roles had reversed. league at peak had 100,000 While it cannot be disputed that Labour kept their campaign simple, it would be ill-advised to declare that it helped enormously. So, at the 1950 election there was a 2. The Conservatives voted against the creation of a centralised health service in 1946, preferring rather the idea of state provision of healthcare administered at local level. Understandably, the architect and far left member of the party, Bevan, was enraged at this suggestion. This brought about a little unrest within working class support but it was the effect on middle class attitudes and the cracks opening among the Parliamentary partys support which began to harm electoral credibility. Why did the Labours lose even their historic strongholds? After the First World War, the Lloyd George Coalition had made many empty promises concerning reconstruction. 'Labour Lost the 1979 Uk General Election Due to the Strength of the Conservative Opposition'. For the first time, the government provided a catch-all benefits system which hypothecated a proportion of tax revenue thence to be paid against sickness, elderliness and unemployment to name but three key entitlements. WW2 obviously played a large role in the results of both the 1945 and 1951 elections, in 1945 its effects were clear on the homefront as it had acted as a catalyst to socialist ideas and in 1951 it was the economic turmoil that the war had triggered which led to many people to vote for the reliable conservatives. spectacles and dentures. Post author: Post published: June 8, 2022; Post category: new construction duplex for sale florida; Post comments: . Hardly surprisingly. This committed the UK government to keeping the value of sterling at a stable rate against the US dollar, and this meant that the governments hands were tied as they sought to address Britains balance of payments deficit by means of international trade. social reform and nationalisation. The 1946 National Health Service Act provided free access to a range of hospital and general practitioner services across the country. However, the electorate did not empathise with this view, many now believing that the Conservatives were a more trustworthy option. Thus, it may have Labour entered the 1950 election confidently, while the conservatives were uncertain of themselves, effectively a role reversal from 1945. So, at the 1950 election there was a 2.9% swing against Labour. Unpopular policies like high taxes. Before the war, Labour were all too often seen as inexperienced and even unpatriotic due to their left wing ideologies. To the most left-wing Labour MPs and enthusiasts, this was a betrayal of socialist solidarity; on the other hand, to many more involved with the party this represented subservience to US demands. But one of the reasons why Churchill lost the general election in 1945 was because he had succeeded in. Also during the 1930s Britain suffered the great depression, which weakened the Conservatives reputation considerably due to their domination of the National Government. This is considered an important factor in Labour's victory by many historians , Support for Labour in 1945 represented above all a reaction against pre-war Conservatism, argues Adelman. Two cabinet ministers resigned in protest &ndash . favoured These problems, however, would have been inherent to any government of Britain at the time, but the fact was, Labour were held accountable. future plans, Budget of 1951 heavily criticised by Why did Labour lose the 1951 General Election? But Labour didn't lose in 1983 because it was too left wing; rather, Thatcher won because of the Falklands War. Labour gave independence to India, Pakistan, Ceylon and Burma, and pulled out of Palestine. Outcome. Why did the Conservatives win/ Labour lose the 1951 UK general election? The first years, between 1945 and 1946, saw fervour for rapid reform in many areas of government. Once more, it was the objection of the middle class voters to austere conditions which brought about the Parliamentary swing. The Conservatives reluctance to accept this report was hugely beneficial to Labour who capitalised on the huge of public support behind it. Conservative pre-war blunders played a key role in Labour's victory due to the electorate remembering these mistakes. Dunkirk triggered many people to blame the conservatives and their previous leaders for appeasement. Attlee's downfall: why did Labour lose the 1951 General Election? Politicians are often rejected by voters because they have failed in office. The 1951 election ended the post-war Labour governments, put Labour into opposition for 13 years and marked the start of a decade of bitter internecine warfare in the party. The opposite happened in 1974 when the system meant the Conservatives lost out to Labour. Positions like these allowed the Labour MPs to prove that they were, in fact, very skilled and also gave them invaluable experience. This aim was ill-fated and in the eyes of many economists obviously exceeded the country's economic capacity. The Conservative victory in 1951 is typically attributed either to the failures of Attlee's government - devaluation, the Bevanite revolt - or to the achievements of Churchill's opposition, including Lord Woolton's reforms and the acceptance of the "post-war consensus". These reforms had a deep effect on Britain, however the electorate evidently felt not enough was done to fulfil the promises of a near utopian post-war Britain. Evidently, the Conservatives were punished in 1945, when they were lucky to not have been in 1935 and, arguably, if elections had taken place in 1940, Labour may have won. The shock the election caused was comparable to the results of the 1906 and 1979 elections, and would have a profound impact on how the country was rebuilt in the post-war period. The party's manifesto was named Mr Churchill's Declaration of Policy to the Electorate, in the hope of taking advantage of Churchill's huge popularity. Conservatives promised to reduce taxes but keep the NHS. Britain's involvement in the Korean War had not been a popular decision. Then, in the summer of 1947, problems arose with the US war loan to be paid to the British government, in the form of the convertibility clause. e Bevanites and the Gaitsgillites. Although progress was initially slow on this front, one million houses were eventually built and the housing problem was eased for a while. Both clearly agree that the pre-war period was significant, however they differ on why it was significant. 1 He belonged to the first intake of students at the Ecole polytechnique in 1794 and went on to become an iron engineer. Thirdly, it brought about a further drop in voter confidence as external signs of infighting brought into question the competence and clarity of direction Labour could offer. Maybe not the most important factor, but definitely worth noting, is the fact that the UK employs a first-past-the-post electoral system. Most obviously, because the campaigns importance is overshadowed by the larger, more influential issues. Pre-war Conservatives were labelled Guilty Men by Labour, this was very influential in winning over public opinion for Labour who presented themselves as the only party able to prevent another war. His reaction in a crisis is to threaten force. The Attlee governments of 1945 to 1951 can be divided into four key sections. administration (up to This split caused to distinct groups to form within Labour; the Bevanites and the Gaitsgillites. The results of the 1945 general election exceeded the hopes of the most fervent Labour supporter. shortages, Korean War World economic The first-past-the-post system played a key role in both winning Labour the vote in 1945 and losing it in 1951. The Bevanites, being more left-wing, wanted to focus Britains resources on further nationalisation of industry. Looking at the Labour government in these four sections of reform, of crisis, of consolidation and of division helps us to see where the party lost its huge majority. In the years prior to 1959, many had expected Labour to win the next election. propaganda, The view that another Labour Liberals 6, Note how Labour actually achieved a commons meant that there was an The Labour government called a snap election for Thursday 25 October 1951 in the hope of increasing its parliamentary majority. Also the Conservatives were much better funded in 1951, by business men afraid of further nationalisation the only major labour reform that the Conservatives dared to take a firm stance against. 25 October 1951 The ageing Conservative leader Winston Churchill won the 1951 election with a comfortable majority. This people's war was very beneficial to Labour in warming people to socialist ideologies, and their belief on the war being, not just a fight against the fascist Germany, but a struggle for a prosperous post-war Britain. This was at a time when the econo. Secondly, the split right at the very top of the party meant that organisational preparations for upcoming elections were hampered, and the electoral machine was disarmed. Following Cripps resignation on grounds of ill health, Hugh Gaitskell took over as Chancellor during Attlees second government. Following the 1966 General Election, the Labour Party's Home Policy Committee observed that the party had, "for the first time, obtained a majority of the female vote" and remarked, "it would be very satisfactory if we could retain it." America sought the support of her allies in fighting the North Korean communists, and Britain committed troops to assist her. The 1946 National Insurance Act was also a key domestic reform of the Attlee government. We have detected that Javascript is not enabled in your browser. This divided party had stood no chance against the organised, well-funded Conservatives. Why then, did Labour go on to lose so many seats in 1950 before losing the General Election in 1951? Then, as the Cripps years failed to bring an end to food scarcities and food queues, Labours perceived impact upon the national way of life was minimal to voters in the most crucial swinging constituencies. Labour had 13, 948, 605 votes Conservatives had 13, 717, 538 votes Liberals had 730, 556 votes Why did the Conservatives win if Labour had more votes? The 1964 election was not a landslide victory like that of 1945. Gaitskell, would gut defence expenditure by 400 and were in decline - government supporting That was three million less than the number of summonses, warrants and benefit deduction orders issued for poll tax non-payment. America sought the support of her allies in fighting the North Korean communists, and Britain committed troops to assist her. Their living standards had not radically altered since 1945, and the significance of many of these voters is that they voted in marginal constituencies. The electorate clearly did not see it this way though, believing that the Labour party had lied to them, this feeling of betrayal saw many voters return to the reliable Conservatives in the 1951 election. He lost again, but was given one more opportunity in 1951 . In 1945 the Conservatives had suffered from being divided and disorganised, while Labour had been strong and united. Morisson, the Deputy Prime Minister, believed that The very honesty and simplicity of the campaign helped enormously. After 2003 Labour experienced a severe decline in its public standing, not least because of public unease with Blair's role in the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. As Labour struggled to legislate effectively, and following another badly-handled balance of payments crisis in the summer of 1951, Attlee dissolved Parliament in September and Labour subsequently lost albeit narrowly the October election. The new Chancellor Sir Stafford Cripps expected of the country an austere realism which entailed the retention of rationing. Following Cripps resignation on grounds of ill health, Hugh Gaitskell took over as Chancellor during Attlees second government. As Prime Minister, he enlarged and improved social services and the public sector in post-war Britain, creating the National Health Service and nationalising major industries and public utilities. Instead of indroducing new reforms and methods to improve living conditions, Attlee decided to focus on fighting the election based on the partys previous successes, claiming that the Conservatives could not be trusted with the reforms they had introduced. billion he had hoped for, Repayable at Similarly, Labour simply made too many promises that were out of their reach, however they did fulfil most of their promises. In 1945 Labour had won 11.99m (47.8%) of the vote, and went on to attain 13.95m (48.8%) of the vote in 51. 2% interest Sarah from CollectifbdpHi there, would you like to get such a paper? conservatives into a modern party, Between 1948 and the election year 1950, Labour was committed to a period of tighter spending and more austere demands placed upon citizens. Developments during the war made a considerable contribution towards the shift to the left, with more support for collectivism and rationing. In 1945 Labour had won 11.99m (47.8%) of the vote, and went on to attain 13.95m (48.8%) of the vote in 51. rather than 0% Having been given such a considerable mandate to rebuild the country in 1945, the Attlee post-war government lost popular support considerably over the next six years. Just over a year later, with the Labour government in deep crisis about a number of ill-conceived policies, yet another election was called. Manne identifies that the use of the word 'Affair' is a clear indication of how . Beveridge aimed to create a minimum standard of living and full employment and believed the five evils blocking these aims and reconstruction were: Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness. Mr Churchill's Declaration of Policy to the Electorate. It was not Churchill who lost the 1945 election, it was the ghost of Neville Chamberlain. The Conservative Party made some political headway by attacking the governments credentials with regard to the 1948 devaluation of the pound, which was designed to bring about the much needed rise in exports. Iron and steel nationalisation 20. century British politics had been dominated by the conservatives, and Labour had never formed a workable majority before 1945. Never before had the party achieved an overall majority in the House of Commons, and yet now Labour had a huge parliamentary majority of 146 seats. - NEW ","created_at":"2015-05-24T10:39:56Z","updated_at":"2016-02-19T08:09:05Z","sample":false,"description":"","alerts_enabled":true,"cached_tag_list":"britain, history, 1951, labour, defeat, alevel, attlee, churchill, election, victory","deleted_at":null,"hidden":false,"average_rating":null,"demote":false,"private":false,"copyable":true,"score":35,"artificial_base_score":0,"recalculate_score":false,"profane":false,"hide_summary":false,"tag_list":["britain","history","1951","labour","defeat","alevel","attlee","churchill","election","victory"],"admin_tag_list":[],"study_aid_type":"MindMap","show_path":"/mind_maps/2798048","folder_id":675903,"public_author":{"id":348222,"profile":{"name":"alinam","about":null,"avatar_service":"gravatar","locale":"en-GB","google_author_link":null,"user_type_id":141,"escaped_name":"alinam","full_name":"alinam","badge_classes":""}}},"width":300,"height":250,"rtype":"MindMap","rmode":"canonical","sizes":"[[[0, 0], [[300, 250]]]]","custom":[{"key":"env","value":"production"},{"key":"rtype","value":"MindMap"},{"key":"rmode","value":"canonical"},{"key":"sequence","value":1},{"key":"uauth","value":"f"},{"key":"uadmin","value":"f"},{"key":"ulang","value":"en_us"},{"key":"ucurrency","value":"usd"}]}, {"ad_unit_id":"App_Resource_Sidebar_Lower","resource":{"id":2798048,"author_id":348222,"title":"Why did Labour lose the 1951 election? The consequences of entering the Korean War in June 1950 also contributed to Labours downfall. 3.7 billion loans US & Under Labour, rationing continued, with further dried egg and bread rationing introduced in 1946. Also during the 1930s Britain suffered the great depression, which weakened the Conservatives reputation considerably due to their domination of the National Government. achievements - 200,000 homes built a Why did Labour lose the 1951 election? What seems stingingly ironic is that in 1951 the Labour party actually received the largest percentage of the vote than any other party had in Britain's history and still lost the election. highly controversial and cost CONSERVATISM, The industrial charter of 1947 & This Is Labour's promises of social reforms won them many votes, however it was these promises which led to their failure in 1951, when many people believed that the promises hadn't been delivered. The very honesty and simplicity of the campaign helped enormously. Labour actually gained fewer votes than in 1959, but the Conservatives lost 1.6 million votes and the Liberals gained over 1.5 million votes. 1951 Give an example of a prominent cabinet minister that Labour had lost by 1951 due to old age Ernest Bevin Which party looked fresh and orchestrated in 1951, had fresh MPs, and ran an efficient campaign? The 1945-1946 period of Labour government sought to address some key difficulties facing the nation following World War II. legislation, Commitment to full employment and a mixed economy, Said to focus upon its previous The Conservatives were back in power once more, but they did little to. Labours answer focused on working class interests. Food subsidies were sustained in order to negate inflation in living costs; levels of progressive taxation were preserved; regional development was the favoured way to control mass unemployment in the areas of urban industrial decline; nationalisation was seen as the solution in reviving core industries such as mining, which had been faltering in private hands. Then, as the Cripps years failed to bring an end to food scarcities and food queues, Labours perceived impact upon the national way of life was minimal to voters in the most crucial swinging constituencies. While it cannot be disputed that Labour kept their campaign simple, it would be ill-advised to declare that it helped enormously. There are several causes which can be established, first by looking at the events of the Attlee years and then isolating those points at which factors were working toward the partys defeat. Labour to the Conservatives - was enough to tip Labour out of office in the general election held in October 1951. Within the Cabinet, Gaitskells decision to expand the defence budget at the expense of domestic spending enraged health minister Nye Bevan in particular, who resigned as a response to the Korean deployment. The campaign is all too often seen as the most important factor in Labour's landslide victory in 1945, however it is of less importance than the war or their policies, for example. Economically the Labour government of 45-51 struggled, with the electorate all too aware of he post-war shortages, the continuing rationing, increased taxes, and the general dislike of austerity the feeling of being under the thumb of the Americans. After researching the topic thoroughly, I Would argue the main reason Labour lost in 51 was . Americas way of excessive class orientated Greenwood, a Labour Politician, commissioned Beveridge to produce a report outlining a socio-economic strategy of post-war reconstruction. '51 was an attempt that backfired to increase the labour majority - but in reality they only lost 22 seats in that election. The dynamic nature of our site means that Javascript must be enabled to function properly. fundamentals he based his politics. Yet, despite this they won 26 more seats than Labour, this seems somewhat disproportionate and illogical and can once again be traced back to the first-past-the-post system. This aim was ill-fated and in the eyes of many economists , obviously exceeded the country's economic capacity, .
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