prices of British made men's shoes in 1900 and 1910. July, 1925. 8,551. 29-40. Wages are shown in francs. 3.08. 59-71. Clothes, bonnets, booties, supplies, carriages. 0. By E. C. RAMSBOTTOM IN the issues of this Journal for 1935 (Part IV) and 1938 (Part I), index numbers were given showing the percentage fluctuations in the level of weekly wage rates in a number of industries during the period 1920-37, the average level of 1924 being taken as = 100. Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and Scranton This source expands upon the 1913 study with a follow-up using data collected in 1914. New jobs added in the last day. Shows prices indexes, not actual retail prices. Wages are shown in French francs. The Bureau, covering both the South and the North, finds hourly earn- . Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound Amount, 1270 to Present. For an inflation-adjusted comparision with the past, see US Average Real Income. COMMUNICATION Source: Shows the average weekly cost of living of a workman's family in Milan. Search for occupations such as carpenters, machinists, waiters, electricians, brewers, chauffeurs, stablemen, roofers, painters, plumbers, etc. compared with 6s. Wages are divided by occupation or sex and include cooks, valets, coachmen, chambermaids, and general servants. Use the following hyperlinks to see values for. Engineering (16 of the principal Districts), Shipbuilding (9 of the principal Districts). Table shows the average retail prices at Marseille in the months of January and February, 1910, and during the year 1900. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Source: Provides retail food prices in France in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Shows wages in rupees by location for agricultural laborers, masons, carpenters, blacksmiths, etc. 170, published May 1915. 160, published 1914. Salaries of head masters and head mistresses in Glasgow public schools. In addition, piece rates of wages were increased in 1919, when the normal weekly working hours were reduced, in such proportion as to prevent any reduction in weekly earnings resulting from the reduction in the working hours. Shows average salaries, estimated needed salaries, as well as total and estimated expenditures. 32.50. Shows average value for farm land and buildings from 1850-1982. Items for farms, such as: Some rows specify wages for women (see women listed frequently on this page for, The advantage of this table is that it shows wage rates for all the years from 1907-1921 together, so one can easily see changes over time. Source: BLS. Source: 1923 USDA Yearbook, Table 679, p. 1150. One-piece dresses, junior dresses, suits, junior skirts, sweaters, coats, hats, shoes Reports from consular offices show wholesale and retail prices for a variety of foods, clothing, agricultural products such as wool and hides and more in Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, France, Japan, Belgium, Spain and more. ANIMALS Average amounts earned during a week and average hours worked per week are also reported for both types of mills: Shows average weekly wages for a number of occupations such as bakers, breweries, electricians, machinists, stevedores, teamsters, and more. Table 1 shows average wages from 1900 to 1930 for three major occupations. Ladies: [14] 1 December - Locarno Treaties signed in London. Lists tuition prices for both residents and non residents as well as room and board costs and fees for institutions across the United States. Loading. Prices may have risen eighty-fold, but over the same period average earnings have increased 350-fold, with the real take-off in our purchasing power occurring in the post-war period. Shows wages and hours of workers in the cotton industry over a 23 year period. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. Tables show retail prices of delivered fuel for November 1911 and March 1912 from two firms in Lawrence,MA. Expressed in Danish re. Low 55,000. The median salary for men between 22 and 29 was 26,856 in 2021, and for women 25,115. Wages are shown in both Hungarian gold crowns and contemporary U.S. dollars. This book collects very detailed statistics of hourly and weekly wages by industry and locality in the state of Massachusetts. Source: Provides retail food prices in Great Britain in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. Sewing supplies: 185. Wholesale and retail prices (in dollars) in Berlin for 1900 and 1910. - Britain, 1900 and 1910, House of Lords, House of Commons, Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, Charity Commissioners, Colonial Office, Board of Customs and Excise, Board of Education, Exchequer and Audit Department, General Register Office, Foreign Office, Government Laboratories, Home Office, India Office, Public Record Office, Inland Revenue, Local Government Board, Patent Office, General Post-Office, Head masters and head mistresses in public schools, Birmingham - Wages of post office employees and teachers, 1900 and 1910, Liverpool - Salaries of post-office employees and teachers, Manchester - Teacher salaries, 1900 and 1910, Manchester - Salaries of government officials, 1900 and 1910, Glasgow, Scotland - Salaries of government employees, 1900 and 1910, Glasgow, Scotland - Salaries of head masters, 1900 and 1910, India - Wages by geographic area and occupation, 1910s, Dublin - Salaries of government officials, 1900 and 1910, Wages by city and industry - Italy, 1914-1919, Salaries of Japanese government officers, 1900 and 1910, District of Mazatlan - Governmental salaries, 1910, Mexico, Mexico - Salaries of government employees in 1910, Guadalajara - Salaries of post-office employees and teachers, 1910, Veracruz - Salaries of city employees, 1910, Norway - Average wages for railroad construction, 1913 & 1917, Norway - Entrance salaries of business school graduates, 1913-1917, Warsaw - Salaries of government employees for 1900 and 1910, Warsaw - Salaries of teachers in the public schools, 1900 and 1910, Russia - Wages and cost of living, 1914-1917, St. Petersburg - Salaries of letter carriers and teachers, 1900 and 1910, Odessa - Wages of laborers, schoolteachers, and merchants, 1910, Agricultural wages - Switzerland in 1914, 1921, 1930, Carpenter wages in English-speaking foreign countries, 1910, European countries - Wages and prices, 1900 and 1910, Income in the U.S. - Amount and distribution, Development of minimum wage laws in the U.S., 1912-1927, Minimum wage legislation in the U.S and foreign countries, Grocery and wine catalog from Bloomingdale's, 1915, Aveage food prices inmetro areas,1890-1970, Average prices paid for butter, eggs, milk and poultry - 1910, Average retail food prices in working class neighborhoods- 1916, Grocery prices by store in selectedcities, 1915-1916, New York and Chicago - Average food prices,1913-1920, Lawrence, MA - Retail food prices, 1911-1912, Flour prices in KS, MO, IA and IL - 1906, 1910, 1911, Food and drink prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Room and board rates for federal workers in Washington DC, 1917-18, "Building Plans of Modern Homes," with costs for materials and labor, 1914, Sears home plans with estimated costs to build, 1908-1939, Cost to construct houses, by type of material - 1915, Home photos, plans and costs to build, 1906-1911, Paint cost to cover a home's exterior, 1915, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Farm real estate - Average value by state and county, 1910, Farmland values by county in selected states, 1912-1924, Farm land and buildings - Value per acre by U.S. region, 1850, Farm real estate values in Midwestern states, 1912-2019, Coal for household use - Price by city, 1913-1919, Retail prices of fuel and kerosene in Lawrence, MA - 1911-1912, Horse-drawn vehicles, harness and saddle prices, 1911, Horse-drawn buggy and carriage prices, 1912, Horse and carriage supplies price catalog, 1910, Business wagon prices (horse-drawn), 1910, Passenger train fare in the U.S., 1871-1933, RR ticket prices by class from New York - 1910, RR ticket prices between NYC and Chicago, 1910-1944, Passenger train fare to San Francisco in 1915, Passenger train fare from the Midwest to western cities, 1910, Street railway fares in Cleveland, 1914-1915, Steamship fares to and from New York, 1909, Steamship fares to Latin America, South America and Caribbean, Automobile and motor truck list prices, 1905-1916, Car prices in "Pictorial History of the Automobile", Drivers license and car registration fees by state, 1911, Gasoline prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Gasoline tank wagon price in Chicago, 1915-1922, Wholesale prices of gasoline and crude petroleum, 1913-1918, "Class A" hotels in the U.S. - Rates, 1912, Hotel extras - Yellowstone National Park, 1912, Hotel rates by U.S. state and foreign country, 1913. talking machines (phonograph or record players). Get the latest book reviews delivered bi-weekly. Jobs in Reed.co.uk, ranging from 55,000 to 55,000. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin No. Bibliography: p. 139-144. Nebraska: Omaha Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set volume 6460. Average Salary and Wage in the UK Average Salary in the UK (2023) 29,600 per year 1,950 per month The average salary in the UK is 29,600 per year (or 1,950 per month). Email: concannonm@missouri.edu This calculator can be used to determine the historical purchasing power of currency in the United Kingdom from 1270 to 2017. Source: BLS. At the same time, the minimum wage for younger workers under the age of 18 has increased at a slower pace than that of older workers. For the home: Wisconsin: Milwaukee. Most data is broken out by women and men teachers. Find a page number through the index and enter it in the page box. Includes bakers, engineers, store clerks, etc. This article argues that wage statistics reported by the government were miscalculated and that people actually earned less. Tip: enter an occupation in the "Search in this text" box. Shows the hourly, daily, and biannual earnings of different occupations in the Missouri coal industry between 1890-1922. Prices are shown in German marks. Jobs that pay more than the average (33,000). Table continues from page 1333 to page. District of Columbia: Washington Includes the police force, prison officials, firemen, market inspectors, city engineer, horticulturalist, public education, and city council. TRANSPORTATION Discusses the minimum weekly wages for women and girls working in various occupations. Note: Cook county salaries for additional years are available in this. Wages of, Tables in this report show salaries (in dollars) of, Shows salaries of post office employees in Liverpool and Birkenhead in 1910 as well as, Tables show salaries paid to post-office and. Ohio: Cincinnati, Cleveland and Columbus Shows the average weekly wages for a variety of occupations and industries in New Zealand. II.WAGES IN THE COAL MINING, COTTON AND WOOL TEXTILE INDUSTRIES. Shows the fee bill setting charges for medical services that was adopted by the Sullivan County Medical Society in 1911; also tells how it changes during and after WWI. Cigars and tobacco, Christmas decorations, Christmas gifts, "Have You Considered" deals, shipping rates, flashlights, trunks, COST OF COLLEGE or VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, 1910s. Click "more" for direct links to specific products in the catalog: Click "more" for direct links to specific products in the catalog, or see. At a hearing in. The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series) Download the Results in a Spreadsheet Format There were errors processing your request: You did not select a series for comparison. 22,620. 5d. The table showing, This book on economics explains that haircuts were 25 cents for many years up until World War I. Earning power tends to peak in middle age, with the median weekly income hitting 704 between 40 and 47 . in FOREIGN COUNTRIES, FOOD Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin no. In 1960, I was secretary to the managing director of a large wholesale electrical company in Manchester - I got paid about 5.50 a week!. Salary estimates are based on 42,768 salaries submitted anonymously to Glassdoor by Benchmarking employees. The Average Accounts Payable salary in West Malling is 33,000. Back in my day explained. Prices of shoes - Table shows wholesale and retail. This report contains detailed tables showing average hourly rates of wages by occupation, sex, and age group at. currency) of commodities, foodstuffs, and rents at Veracruz in 1910. Source: Congressional Serial Set vol. 1911, Prices of agricultural machinery in France, 1900 and 1910, France - Food prices as affected by the war, France - Monthly wholesale prices of commodities, 1913-1918, Bordeaux, France - Retail prices of necessaries of life, 1911, Havre - Prices for articles of daily consumption, 1900 and 1910, Lyons - Prices of principal commodities, 1900 and 1910, poultry, milk, boots and shoes, coal, mineral oils, seeds, and soaps, Marseille - Average retail prices, 1900 and 1910, Germany - Food prices as affected by the war, Germany - Monthly wholesale prices of commodities, 1913-1918, Berlin - Prices of commodities, 1900 and 1910, Frankfort on the Main - Retail prices and rents, 1900 and 1910, Hamburg, Germany - Retail prices of food products, 1911, Munich, Bavaria - Retail prices and rents, 1900 and 1910, Retail prices, wages and cost of living in the UK, 1912, cost of rent, household fuels and various sorts of foods, Great Britain - Food prices as affected by the war, Great Britain - Monthly wholesale prices of commodities, 1913-1918, Retail prices in Great Britain,1914 and 1919, Price of Bread in Great Britain, 1914-1916, Public transportation in British towns - Fares, 1915, Birmingham - Prices in 1900-1901, 1903-1904, & 1910, coal, iron and steel, oil, Portland cement and bricks, Bradford, England - Wholesale and retail prices of various commodities, 1900 and 1910, cocoa, sugar, flour, biscuits, bread, lard, butter, eggs, milk and cream, bacon and hams, cheese, Drapery (e.g. Source: Australia Labour & Industrial Branch report #2, p. 76. Chart shows annual salaries for all school personnel in Texas without breakouts for occupation, years of training, years of experience, etc. Source: Tables show wholesale and retail prices (in dollars) of commodities at. Provides retail food prices in Turkey in 1914 and in the years leading up to the war outbreak. This source documents their actual average earnings before and after the laws took effect. 170, published May 1915. 170, published May 1915. Calling all K12 teachers: Join us July 1619 for the second annual Gilder Lehrman Teacher Symposium. See table 164 for average annual wage by region. Jobs that pay more than the average (55,000). Shows wages in 1914, 1919, and 1920 for both men and women at different skill levels. Rhode Island: Providence The chapter "Medical Finance" on pages 111-137 in this guide to a successful medical practice detail medical fees for various services, including a, Prices from the 1910 Sears Catalog. Reports hours and wages for women working in retail stores, factories, hotels, restaurants and offices. HC Deb 30 July 1925 vol 187 cc671-3W 671W Sir W. de FRECE asked the Minister of Labour whether, taking the 12 chief industries of the country, including transport, he will state the average 672W weekly wage-rate in each case now, as compared with June, 1920, and June, 1914, respectively? Source: U.S. Federal Trade Commission report. This book also includes some chapters discussing typical jobs that college students might get and how much those jobs paid. Women tend to be clustered in certain fields; click these links to jump directly to the sections: Study conducted by several civic leagues in collaboration with the YWCA. Or was it real? Suits, overalls, pants, work shirts, laundered and dress shirts, flannel shirts, sweaters, nightwear, underwear, trusses, socks, overcoats, mackinaw and fur coats, raincoats, shoes, ties and mufflers, cuff links, furs, gloves, hats, pipes, pocket knives, watches, watch tools and chains Musical instruments, including but not limited to: Table shows average 1912 wage per day, in francs and United States equivalent, for the principal industries and traces in the city of Roubaix. Lists union wages by city and then by occupation. PRICES in FOREIGN COUNTRIES, WAGES -- GENERAL SOURCES (all occupations and worker types). Furniture, heaters, washing machine, water pumps, electrical conveniences, carpet sweepers, clocks, lamps, rugs and carpet, embroidery goods, cretones and draperies, lace curtains, foreign allovers, blankets, bedding, bathroom furnishings, towels, personal hygiene, razors, medicines, nursery supplies Addeddate 2010-11-03 16:14:12 Call number AEL-1817 Camera Canon EOS 5D Mark II Source: BLS. Oregon: Portland Compares to wage data from 1873. General merchandise catalog for clothing, household items and farm needs. This truly amazing source has an extensive list of occupations, including those seldom seen in other documents: theatrical costumers, musicians for silent movie shows, orchestral musicians, house movers, hearse drivers, piano movers, writers working at newspapers (journalists), sail makers, photo-engravers, bartenders in saloons, elevator men in hotels, and thousands more. Maryland: Baltimore Also discusses the the cost to rent in various countries. Reports wages, hours and earnings by occupation and sex for each year from 1914-1919 in the metal, cotton, wool, silk, boot and shoe, paper, rubber, and chemical manufacturing industries. Cities include. Source: Also breaks out wages by beginner and experienced workers in. Dresses, house dresses, ready made tailored suits, skirts, blouses (waists), hats, corsets, corset covers, underskirts, nightgowns, aprons, petticoats, hosiery, underwear, shoes, "sensible" shoes, coats, furs, bathing suits. Girl's: Shows changes in weekly and hourly wages for workers within unionized industries in Boston between 1914 and 1920. The average earnings per man-shift worked in all districts, however, in the quarter ended 30th June, 1920, were l6s. Occupations include bookkeepers, clerks, messengers, office boys, stenographers, custodians, storekeepers, watchmen, inspectors, cooks, drivers, electricians, elevator operators, machinists, photographers, nurses, unskilled laborers and more. Connecticut: Bridgeport and New Haven. Compares white and colored families' expenditures for food, housing, fuel, clothing, furniture, etc. Household and farm items - Factory price catalog, 1915, Ladies' garments, blouses, etc. Baby: A table of. Postal Service. by RACE Government employees in France - Salaries and wages, 1900 and 1910. The average wage is a measure of total income after taxes divided by total number of employees employed. Shows the average weekly cost of food of a German family of four throughout WWI. Catalog and price list show an amazing range, from surgical tools all the way up to x-ray machines. For. The U. S. Census Bureau collected and reported telephone service rates. Rates of wages per hour in cigar manufacturing and clothing manufacturing for the years 1911 and 1912. Per-person costs of food and necessities in Constantinople for July 1914 & 1920. Infant's and young children's: l0d. 560 shows the costs of keeping horses on a farm in 1917. Sporting goods: City families' average expenditures on food, rent, fuel and more for the year. Source: National Education Assoc. Includes items such as roofing shingles, raw products needed for manufacturing, timber, gasoline, illuminating oil, olive oil, coffee, eggs, grains, and more. Pianos and organs, violins, guitars, band instruments and talking machines (phonograph or record players). These workers engaged in spinning, weaving, printing, dyeing and otherwise performing tasks for the manufacture of fabrics. This two-page table shows retail prices of articles (in dollars) at Manchester in 1900 and 1910. Shows breakouts by type of manufacturing operation: automobile manufacture, cigar making, boots/shoe making, men's clothing, iron/steel, hosiery/underwear manufacture, etc. In this article, the average wage is adjusted for living expenses "purchasing power parity" (PPP). Lists average retail prices paid by farmers for tools, implements and supplies, work gloves, shirts and shoes, shotguns, tobacco, wagons, building materials and household items such as dishes, washtubs and buckets. List shows 1910 prices per kilo of beef, pork, and potatoes in Guadalajara, Jalisco. College tuition waswas $20/year at the Univ. Tables the cost of feed and of labor for horse care in New York, Illinois, and Ohio. 5d. Source: Bulletin of the Women's Bureau No. Tells wages for the years 1911 to 1914, 1919, and 1922. The Average Salary in 1920. Suits, military and play suits, blanket lined clothes, overalls, pants, long pants, blouses, shirts, sweaters, knickerboxers, coats, more coats, little fellows overcoats, raincoats, shoes 852. Source: Shows the average weekly and hourly wages of different occupations in the Missouri shoe industry between 1913-1922. Alphabetical list of colleges includes tuition, room & board, etc. Includes data for the countries of Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, Netherlands, Noway, South Africa, Sweden, and Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Table shows salaries and allowances of the prime minister, cabinet ministers, supreme court presidents, governors of provinces, and other Austrian officials in 1910. by STATE 613. Lists wages in many cities across the U.S., including blacksmiths, boilermakers, bricklayers, carpenters, cleaning women, male and female cooks, drivers and teamsters, dock workers, farm hands, hod carriers, house servants, wiremen, laundry operators, machinists, painters, plasterers, plumbers, saleswomen, seamstresses, sewing machine operators, stenographers (male and female), telephone switchboard operators, waiters, waitresses, and more. Popular Salaries Average Salaries by Industry Accounting Accountant 30,200 /year Accounting Manager 32,800 /year Accounting Technician 21,200 /year Accounts Administrator Details the price of clothing by gender on pp. Serge dresses, serge suits, tailored suits, "homestead" wear (house dresses, garden wear, etc), skirts, waists, sweaters, underwear, corsets, socks, coats, shawls and newports, shoes, purses, muffs and collarettes, animal fur sets, gloves and mittens, hats, hair goods, handkerchiefs and ribbons, diamonds, necklaces, rings, earrings, watches, other jewelry Source: BLS. Includes meat, bread, butter, sugar, milk, potatoes, grain, flour, lard, tallow, bacon, rents, cotton, wool, leather, boots and shoes, clothing, coal, iron, steel, oil, bricks, cement, and farming implements. It includes tables of daily wages and costs of principal foodstuffs. 19.7% of families purchased healthinsurancein 1918, at an average annual cost of $17. Wages reported in UK government documents. Source: BLS, Shows the average hourly and weekly earnings of men and women manufacturing war materials throughout WW1. chart showing rates and detail for Arkansas, Arizona, South Dakota, Utah and Puerto Rico. Discounts were available for those who wished to purchase, Retail prices for clothing, dry goods and shoes are reported from 6 firms; prices for. Entertainment: In truth, the dramatic increase in incomes in the UK since 1908 makes almost every good for which comparisons are possible look much cheaper today. Source: BLS, Average and classified earnings by occupations. DATE: 1946 AUTHORS: The tables on following pages shows the breakdown of prices for items within this weekly expenditure. Shows prices of food. Havre - Salaries of officials and civil servants, 1900 and 1910, Berlin - Salaries and wages of officials and teachers, 1900 and 1910, fire service employees, and teachers at secondary and primary schools, Hamburg - Salaries of public officers, 1900 and 1910, court officials and judges, teachers in schools, Wages by occupation in the U.K., 1893-1913, Wages by occupation and sex in Great Britain, 1914-1921, Wages by industry in Great Britain, 1914-1921, Municipal employee wages by occupation - U.K., 1912, Government employees, letter carriers, teachers etc. In 1946 a car cost. Find additional data by checking other issues of this publication. Wages are shown in both US and English currency. Check under "General Specifications" for an estimated cost to build the home, which will include the cost of labor, brick, plaster, cement and other items not provided by Montgomery Ward. Room, board and expenses were about $175/year and books were $10/year. Source: Less than 3% of all nurse training schools charged tuition. See list of the most common occupations for women in 1910 and 1920, outside of agricultural work. Conversely, $1 earned in 1913 had the same buying power as about $30 in the year 2022. EDUCATION This two-page table shows wholesale and retail prices of commodities (mostly food) at St. Petersburg in 1900 and 1910. California: Los Angeles and San Francisco. Shows the average retail prices of foodstuffs in Madrid and Barcelona. Historical Dictionary of the 1920s: From World War I to the New Deal, 1919-1933. Tip: check the introduction sections of the publications below to determine whether the estimated home costs include labor or just materials. Shows wages by occupation grouped by industries, with breakouts for males and females. Abercrombie & Fitch mail order catalog for Christmas, 1916. 0. 526. The state of California covered tuition to take teacher training, but other expenses ran around $500 per year according to this report from the CA Superintendent of Public Instruction report for 1917-1918. Table shows comparative prices (wholesale and retail) at Warsaw in 1900 and 1910. Workers in this industry engaged in spinning, weaving, dyeing, bleaching and printing fabrics in addition to other tasks involved in preparing cloth. Federal report shows average annual prices for plowshares, walking plows, hay loaders, cultivators, farm wagons, barbed wire, corn binders, mowers and more. Source: BLS. Kitchen goods: The Average Courier Driver salary in Shepperton is 55,000. Source: BLS, Shows the average wages of Spanish agricultural workers in different cities. Source: Lists prices of food, rent, board, fuel, and cottons. This four-page table compares wholesale and retail prices of articles at Moscow in 1900 and 1910, including beef, veal, pork, ham, mutton, fat, fish, eggs, butter, sugar, potatoes, poultry, bread, woolen goods, clothing, and coal. Click "more" for direct links to items in this catalog. asked the Minister of Labour whether, taking the 12 chief industries of the country, including transport, he will state the average. Shows pay for those involved in "1st class New York City productions" including actors of various levels (from chorus to leads) as well as directors, designers, musicians, scene painters, stage hands, etc. Clothing, hats, girl's coats, boy's coats, girl's dresses, boy's shirts, boys knickerbocker suits, dolls, toys, toy wagons and tricycles. Clocks, living room furniture, chairs, tables, lamps, carpets and rugs, curtains, silverware, glassware, china and cutlery, kitchen pots and pans, beds, bed sheets, towels, refrigerators, cabinets, lawn mowers, garden tools. Collection of studies reveals average annual expenditures for food, rent, clothing, and medical care. Telephones, chairs, bedroom furniture, dining room sets, mattresses, kitchen cabinets, dishes and tableware, cookware, vacuum cleaners, and oil lamps. Commodities include beef, pork, eggs, butter, bread, flour, oats, rice, beans, apples, prunes, sugar, tea, coffee, potatoes, starch, coal, wood, and coal oil.
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