why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

Phillip II of Spain proposed marriage to Elizabeth. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. LS23 6AD Moreover, the brazenness of these revolts was further helped by the blessing of the Pope, whose directives on recusancy and overthrowing Elizabeth were obeyed by many Catholics both domestically and internationally. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. King Philip of Spain sent an. This attack proved to be a major setback for Spanish preparation for the Armada. The reasons for, and consequences of, the English victory. Mary, Queen of Scots had been linked to Catholic plots before, but Elizabeth had always been reluctant to take any action against her. Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. He also had a big empire in North and South America and by 1581, he had also become King of Portugal which gave him control of the important Atlantic port of Lisbon. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888. Died: 24 March 1603. He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. In 1568, Spanish ships laden with gold bullion took refuge in English ports to escape the bad weather. The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. The English ships moved in for the attack and the following battle lasted several hours with 5 Spanish ships having been sunk. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. Roberto Ridolfi was a spy of the Pope. English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584. No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook. Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). Elizabeths legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Babington and other known plotters were hanged, drawn and quartered. The news of the rebellion caused widespread. However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. Europe. Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. Save. English Catholic Francis Throckmorton was the link of communication within this plan. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. Born 7th September 1533 , Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. - navy to firth of Forth. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. Elizabeth was eager to nullify the threat of the Auld Alliance (Scotland and France), which had been further reinforced by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and French King Francis II. Elizabeth couldn't restore authority and teachings of the Pope. 1558 -french threat. As long as Mary was alive, the plots could always be deemed credible and many Catholics secretly wanted a return to Catholocism. The Spanish had a greater army and Dudleys army was significantly smaller. The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. It was the arrival of Mary which also partly contributed to the revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569, which had brief success. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeth's role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. Manage Settings migration? She was a Protestant. This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. Why was the threat of invasion Elizabeth's biggest problem in 1558? However, it should be noted that one reason for the eventual crushing of the revolt is because the vast majority of Catholics in the north stayed loyal to Elizabeth and did not revolt, suggesting that Elizabeth did not face a threat from all Catholics within England, but enough of a threat to be permanently suspicious. There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands. The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world. This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. Cleopatra, Queen Victoria and many more. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. As King Phillip II ruled the Netherlands, he had control over the access to these vital Dutch ports and he could, therefore, limit English access. Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). The French Catholic League signed this treaty with Philip II of Spain. Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. Therefore, Elizabeths legitimacy was questioned because of the marriage between Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. Spain depended on large ships which were heavy and difficult to handle whereas the English built long, narrow ships that were faster and easier to handle. The raid on Cadiz was a good strategic move by the English and not only weakened the Spanish, but strengthened the English. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. The war was going badly for England. For two weeks of the second half of November, Catholic mass was heard at Durham Cathedral too (with all evidence of Protestantism destroyed). As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this.