methylated spirits skin absorptionmethylated spirits skin absorption

Diuresis symptoms may be alleviated by artificial respiration, a tracheal aspiration of secretions, and glucose saline, as well as other methods. Methanol is added to methylated spirits to make them unfit for drinking. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Short Term Local Effects 1900 mg/m3 Accessed 02 May 2020. -, Arch Dis Child. https://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/Guide_to_Local_Production.pdf. "A container of methylated spirits should be stored in a cool and well-ventilated place.". Denatured Alcohol (Methylated Spirits) works even better, but it is harsher on your skin. Vapors can cause mucous membranes to burn in addition to creating an unpleasant odor. 12mL/kg body weight of pure methanol[9]). Results of PBT and vPvB assessment Pra "If you are using methanol in the open, you should think about wearing gloves and eyewear, just to be sure you are staying safe," says Tetro. The .gov means its official. For one, denatured alcohol is usually produced from renewable resources like corn or wheat, while methylated spirits is typically made from petroleum. Furthermore, there have been reports of methanol toxicity caused by ingestion of ABHRs as well as chronic methanol toxicity from transdermal absorption of these products, where the methanol content was not disclosed [15, 16]. There are no harsh chemicals, pesticides, synthetic fragrances, optical brighteners, or palm oil, and they are also free from petroleum. Emerg Infect Dis. Ablood alcohol level taken 18 hours after catheterisation showed a blood ethanol level of259 mg/100mlandablood methanol level of26mg/100ml. Useful search terms for methyl alcohol include methanol, carbinol, columbian spirits, pyroligneous spirits, wood alcohol, wood naphtha, and wood spirits.. Whilst hand washing with soap and water remains the effective method to reduce transmission of the virus, ABHRs provide a convenient, effective and relatively low cost alternative worldwide [1]. Some examples of workers at risk of being exposed to methyl alcohol include the following: NIOSHrecommends that employers useHierarchy of Controlsto prevent injuries. Soltaninejad K. Methanol mass poisoning outbreak: a consequence of COVID-19 pandemic and misleading messages on social media. 21 plastic cylinders measuring approximately 21mm in diameter. It is a powerful and potentially addicting intoxicant, but serves other useful purposes. We wish to highlight the importance of those producing hand sanitisers to avoid methylated spirits containing methanol and to follow WHO recommended formulations. Correspondence to Review of experimental and clinical studies]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The level of harm depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done. gt` ATe &GHE b4 f'6b7@ 'Q;Br{z"V&>wh|. Alcohol on the plane: how much can you drink on long flights? Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 9, 129 (2020). As a result of the absorption of Hydrofluoric acid, fluoride ions are released from the skin. Methylated spirits are used in a variety of applications, including solvents, hand sanitizers, cosmetics, and as fuel for heating and lighting. Well, the short answer is yes, but not all of them, and in some instances, it may need help. Toxicol Open Access. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Mahmood A, Eqan M, Pervez S, Alghamdi HA, Tabinda AB, Yasar A, Brindhadevi K, Pugazhendhi A. Sci Total Environ. Google Scholar. Consequently, there has been a surge in production of large quantities of ABHR by various businesses, including pharmacies and alcohol distilleries. If you work in an industry that uses methyl alcohol, please read chemical labels and the accompanying Safety Data Sheet for hazard information. Industrial methylated spirit. Methyl alcohol is poisonous and is added to prevent people from drinking it. -, J Pediatr. Tubes 8 are used for thermometry. The Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) currently allows for hand sanitizer to be produced without the requirement of TGA approval or notification, provided one of the two formulations developed by the WHO are used [3]. Microtomy comes with 34 brushes. Let me explain. 2017;03(01). Spruce use ingredients that are safe for humans and the planet. Spraying or swabbing with a mixture of polyethylene glycol 300/industrial methylated spirits (PEG-300/IMS) (2:1 by volume) has been shown to substantially reduce mortality, systemic effects, and skin burns resulting from skin contamination by phenol, cumene hydroperoxide, or phenol/acetone cleavage product. The PEG-300/IMS mixture has been shown not to cause eye irritation, and so should not present a hazard where this mixture is used as a decontaminant spray. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. The spirit should not be used if it is likely to harm wood or plastic. Furthermore methanol can be absorbed through the skin making it dangerous to . The second recipe for the all-purpose cleaner, all-purpose cleaner recipe 2, can be used to disinfect and clean your bench after cooking. The methyl alcohol is added to make the spirit unpalatable so that it cant be consumed as a beverage. Mist the site with a wet cloth and wash it with soap and water. Methylated spirits are alcoholic beverages that contain ethyl, pyridine, and aldehydes. 'Gold 2018;15(7):611. The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March 2020 has led to a global shortage in commercially available alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs). Of potential concern is where methylated spirits (also known as denatured alcohol) is substituted for ethanol or isopropyl alcohol. The most suitable glove should be chosen in consultation with the glove supplier/manufacturer, who can provide information about the breakthrough time of the glove . Help to protect our environment by living a more sustainable lifestyle. 12.5. Cleans GlassUsed As A Fuel For Marine StovesFor the latest prices on Amazon please click the link. Methylated spirit is also flammable. Thanks to Spruce, the air you breathe in your home can be free from the cocktails of toxic chemicals that can cause serious health problems. I wanted to inspire families to focus on the positive side of life, live sustainably, and live in harmony with the planet. Methylated spirits are suitable for a wide range of cleaning applications, however, some products can be damaged or destroyed by their application.List of things not to clean with methylated spirits. Accessed 30 Apr 2020. Methylated spirits should never be consumed, even in small quantities. In the case of a sore joint, cupping therapy is usually used to alleviate pain at the start of movement. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Heavy Inhalation can be nauseating and can burn the mucus membranes. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Second, in a process of toxication, it is metabolized to formic acid (which is present as the formate ion) via formaldehyde in a process initiated by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver. Methylated spirit, also known as denatured alcohol, is a mixture of ethyl and methyl alcohols. Diamond Slide Marking Pens are the only ones that allow for this. [Eye irritation and chemical eye burns. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Tissue cleaning involves 3 counts. Ethanol is sometimes denatured (adulterated), and made poisonous, by the addition of methanol. If it is ingested, the poison control center should be contacted immediately. Methanol has a moderate to high toxicity in humans. [7] Folinic acid or folic acid is also administered to enhance the metabolism of formate. If methylated spirit is ingested, call poison control immediately. Dissolve Various Glues And Waxes With Methylated Spirits, 7. First, methanol (whether it enters the body by ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through the skin) can be fatal due to its CNS depressant properties in the same manner as ethanol poisoning. Linen Cocktail Napkins: The Perfect Accessory For Your Next Party, What Color Mens Shoes Is Worn At Cocktail Event, The Right Bitters For The Perfect Manhattan, The Dos And Donts Of Feeding A Cocktail, A Cocktail Hour Harvest Table Is The Perfect Way To Snack And Mingle At Your Next Event, How The Cocktail Became An American Staple, How To Make Quick Cocktails: 3 Easy Recipes. Though not suitable for drinking, methylated spirit retains ethyl alcohol's ability to perform other useful functions. [3] Toxicity to methanol has been described as early as 1856.[5]. The Best Way to Clean Metal Is With Methylated Spirits, 5. Siddharta A, Pfaender S, Ville N, et al. Workers may be harmed by exposure to methyl alcohol. This post has affiliate links.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'sustainabilitydad_com-box-2','ezslot_8',609,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-sustainabilitydad_com-box-2-0'); Methylated spirits is a potent, powerful, and versatile cleaning agent that cleans, sterilizes, and disinfects in one smooth operation and can leave an area spotless.It can also remove dirt, grime, and grease that other commercial and natural cleaning agents fail to remove.This fantastic cleaner is being used in many homes so stay and learn the secrets of methylated spirits and how to get the most from this powerful and underestimated cleaner. "It's also best to avoid contact with your skin. Worldwide, particularly in low income settings, methylated spirits products frequently contain methanol and are readily available [10]. Overexposure can cause death. Consuming a large amount of food can cause unconsciousness, while prolonged or repeated contact with a contaminated substance can irritate and dry skin. Methylated spirits are a clear, colourless liquid that is commonly used in industrial processes and is frequently found in household products. 2011 Oct;108(10):910-5. doi: 10.1007/s00347-010-2249-x. Storage and archiving are listed below. What is methylated spirit? Plum-blossom tapping is effective in alopecia areata and alopecia areata-prone areas in small areas. Ethanol, the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages, acts as a competitive inhibitor by more effectively binding and saturating the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme in the liver, thus blocking the binding of methanol. Finally, denatured alcohol is less likely to cause irritation when used on the skin. Is Methylated Spirits An Eco-Friendly Cleaner? Cooking fuel (for camping and fondue burners), Disinfectant (on hard household surfaces), Adhesive and stain remover (test first before using all over fabric), Woodworking tool (for removing sawdust and as a shellac). 111 Reade StreetNew York, NY 10013Phone:212-240-9194, Hours:Mon-Fri 4 pm - 4amSat 5 pm - 4amSun 4 pm - 2am, Fruit Cocktail Cake: A Delicious And Moist Cake Made With A Mixture Of Fruits. There are a few key differences between denatured alcohol and methylated spirits. Methylated spirits, also called denatured alcohol, is a mixture of ethyl alcohol (95%) and methyl alcohol (%5). Virucidal activity of World Health Organization hand rub formulations - recommended formulations against enveloped viruses including Zika, Ebola and emerging coronaviruses. Bidet sprayers,also known as handheld bidets, bum guns, and shattafs; are types of bidets that come in the form of a short hose with a handheld spraying nozzle. Cleanse the site by mopping with a wet cloth and wash with soap and water. Methylated spirits have a poisonous additive within the mixture to prevent the ethanol alcohol from being ingested. Staining jars have been found in 88 different locations. Soluble in water. Each disposable slab is made up of a different number of retractable slabs. 1978 Jun;53(6):495-8 Pharmaceutics. Cite this article. There are numerous detergents available today, but methylated spirit is regarded as one of the oldest and most effective. Inhalation of methanol through carburetor cleaner is a major route of domestic . This site needs JavaScript to work properly. To descale and degrease faucets, sinks, showerheads, kettles, and other appliances you will need to make up a 10/ 1 part solution of methylated spirits and water. During the 1920s, the restrictions imposed by the British during World War I and the prohibition of pubs encouraged moderate drinking. The skin-damaging potentials of sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid have also been investigated. Product identifier . Denatonium benzoate is added to The magnitude and speed in response is commendable in this era of unprecedented demand, but may also carry some potential risks. Langenbecks Arch Surg. If commercially produced products are not available, organisations with the facilities to produce ABHRs should continue their laudable efforts, but whilst adhering to the WHO guidance on formulations. The immobilization of intracellular magnesium and calcium by fluoride ions can harm cellular enzyme reactions. A weighted boat weighs 9 tons. Methylated spirits serve as a powerful stain remover and can remove stains from hard surfaces that other cleaners and soaps have difficulty with such as oil-based stains, ink, paint, and lipsticks.It is also effective at removing stains from soft furnishings and clothing such as grass, berry, red wine, coffee, and grease stains however on porous surfaces little and often is generally the key to effective stain removal.For effective stain removal, you will need clear methylated spirits as the colorant may stain individual fabrics or surfaces.Wet a cotton wool pad, ball, or clean cloth with methylated spirits and pad the stain until the solution has begun to remove the stain then use a clean item to remove it. Methylated spirits is composed of 70- 99% ethanol, water and denatonium benzoate. We advise those producing hand sanitisers to follow WHO recommended formulations, and advise those producing hand sanitisers using methylated spirits, to avoid formulations which contain methanol. Methylated spirit is an excellent solvent for use on metal surfaces as it degreases, sanitizes, repels water, and finally evaporates away very quickly which prevents corrosion and streak marks.This makes methylated spirits one of the best streak-free cleaners for stainless steel and chrome items but can also be used to clean the metal strings of stringed instruments.To clean instrument strings first remove them if possible and place them in a sealed jar of 100% solution methylated spirits for 12 to 24 hours then remove, wipe down with a clean dry cloth and replace. eCollection 2016 May 8. 2001;120(1):2957. 2020;2(2). As a result, it is an excellent cleaning agent. Gluteal skin necrosis after umbilical artery catheterisation. The contaminated garments must be removed. [6] Once the initial symptoms have passed, a second set of symptoms arises, from 10 to as many as 30 hours after the initial exposure, that may include blurring or complete loss of vision, acidosis, and putaminal hemorrhages, an uncommon but serious complication. After 13 months, the hair will begin to thicken and become more coloured. endstream endobj startxref Whilst in recent years in Australia, the formulation of methylated spirits has largely changed from including methanol (wood alcohol) to other safer denaturants such as denatonium benzoate, there are still some formulations of methylated spirits containing methanol available for purchase - admittedly often at a low concentration of 2% (e.g. Robed Amin M, Shohagh AS, Basher A, Rahman M, Abul Faiz M, Ahasan HN. The following are 22 microplates and seals. These are the five safety vaportest monitoring badges. Efficacy of topical phenol decontamination strategies on severity of acute phenol chemical burns and dermal absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies in pig skin. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against . HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help It should also be used in a well-ventilated area and you should avoid inhaling the substance's vapors. PMC Denatured alcohol also has a lower boiling point than methylated spirits, making it ideal for use in cosmetics and personal care products. Skin. Government of Dubai. Glycerol is a safe, relatively inexpensive humectant that acts as an emollient to increase the tolerability of the product and protect skin from contact dermatitis with repeated use. Learn how to easily clean your entire bathroom using baking soda, and a little elbow grease, with these 17 exceptional recipes and application methods, How To Clean A Microwave With Lemon Juice (Heavily Soiled) This method combines 1/4 cup of water with 1/4 cup of lemon juice plus heat, time, and elbow grease. Am J Infect Control. 2015 Jun;11(2):227-31. doi: 10.1007/s13181-014-0440-1. 2020 Nov 10;742:140561. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140561. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. In human metabolism of methanol, given its physical and chemical properties, high skin absorption is expected. Abstract Spraying or swabbing with a mixture of polyethylene glycol 300/industrial methylated spirits (PEG-300/IMS) (2:1 by volume) has been shown to substantially reduce mortality, systemic effects, and skin burns resulting from skin contamination by phenol, cumene hydroperoxide, or phenol/acetone cleavage product. 0 Effects of isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and polyethylene glycol/industrial methylated spirits in the treatment of acute phenol burns. The ethanol in methylated spirits can quickly cause intoxication when consumed. [2], Outbreaks of methanol ingestion have occurred due to contamination of drinking alcohol. And for Electric Rider cycling isn't just about transportation, it's about building a sustainable transport system and they love this idea so much that it drives them to work much harder for you and for the planet. In the past month in Dubai, six ABHRs of 102 tested have been removed from the market because of the presence of methanol [12]. Use the following precautions when exposed to skin absorption. The low concentration of hydrogen peroxide within the WHO formulations is intended to eliminate any bacterial spores present in the formulation and is not considered part of the antisepsis. Do not apply to dyed leather or suede. It should not be ingested or come into contact with your skin. Methylated spirits is used as a solvent and as a fuel for spirit burners and camp stoves. [2] Other treatments may include sodium bicarbonate, folate, and thiamine. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. [1] When methanol is broken down by the body it results in formaldehyde, formic acid, and formate which cause much of the toxicity. When calcium is given to patients, their pain usually goes away in a matter of hours. When a methylated spirit contains 80 percent alcohol, 10 percent ethyl, 10 percent pyridine, and 10 percent aldehyde, it is toxic. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. Kampf G. Potential role of inanimate surfaces for the spread of coronaviruses and their inactivation with disinfectant agents. For ingrained fat and dirt leave the items to soak overnight.Do not do this with organic items or porous stones such as opals, pearls, emeralds, or amber as the spirits can leak into the stones discoloring and damaging them. Central nervous system. Miller MA, Rosin A, Crystal CS. 3372 0 obj <> endobj statement and Percutaneous drug absorption in the newborn: hazards and uses. 3KLEEN Blade System is designed to handle high-performance blade systems. Can alcohol-based hand-rub solutions cause you to lose your drivers license? When you ingest a small amount of ethanol, the concentration in the air can be harmful to your health. Ethanol and isopropyl alcohol are chosen due to their marked viricidal effect by denaturing proteins and inactivating enveloped SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV - and more recently both formulations have been shown to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 [6, 7]. The effects of drinking methylated spirits are similar to those of drinking vodka or other hard liquors. In the UK and USA, local businesses are allowed to produce hand sanitizer adhering to WHO formulations, however the alcohol used must be denatured prior to production of the ABHR [2, 4]. ethanol is essentially ethanol with certain additives, which make it toxic, stinky, and dangerous to consume. The company produces 653 dyes and auxiliaries. Liver. Chan G, Chan J, Szeto C, Chow K. Mixed isopropanol-methanol intoxication following ingestion of alcohol-based hand rub solution. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-020-00788-5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-020-00788-5. Cleaning the injectors, as well as all Delta Kits windshield repair equipment, is safe. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. "Methanol, found in most methylated spirit preparations, is toxic," she states. Gold Cross). How is it made? . This is a very effective treatment for young children and can be used during pregnancy. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/producing-hand-sanitiser-and-gel-for-coronavirus-covid-19#if-you-want-to-produce-hand-sanitiser. [7] Methanol is converted to formaldehyde via alcohol dehydrogenase and formaldehyde is converted to formic acid (formate) via aldehyde dehydrogenase. What is methylated spirit good for? For first aid, methylated spirit and hot water may help to relieve the pain. Gov.UK. If youre using a domestic microwave, you can boil the solution until it comes to a boil with the power turned off. The purpose of this policy is to discourage human consumption by using additives that are unpleasant to the taste, odor, or nauseatiness of the user. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control Methylated spirits are extremely flammable and poisonous if ingested so they should always be stored in a dark secure area away from children and pets. https://www.dm.gov.ae/en/MediaCenter/News/Pages/Intensive-inspection-campaign.aspx. Ophthalmologe. By creating an account you agree to the Hunker, How to Clean Cabinets With Denatured Alcohol. What Makes Methylated Spirits A Powerful Cleaner? It has the same molecular formula as propanol, and the melting point is -88. UK Gov. A variety of hard surfaces, including wood, plastic, and glass, can be used with this product. Kratzel A, Todt D, Vkovski P, Al E. Inactivation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 by WHO-Recommended Hand Rub Formulations and Alcohols. A 10:1 ratio of water and spirit means that 10 parts water and one part spirit should be mixed. -, Arch Dis Child. 1983 May;58(5):395-6. doi: 10.1136/adc.58.5.395. The following are 25 water purification systems. Heavy Inhalation can be nauseating and can burn the mucus membranes.However, it is a very strong natural antibacterial cleaner that delivers fast results and evaporates away quickly leaving a streak-free shine that is brilliant for water-sensitive metals like stainless steel and large glass surfaces. Methanol is excreted by the kidneys without being converted into the very toxic metabolites formaldehyde and formic acid. [17], During the COVID-19 pandemic, Iranian media reported that nearly 300 people had died and over a thousand became ill due to methanol poisoning in the belief that drinking the alcohol could help with the disease. Methylated spirit is a combination of ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol. Because it is less harsh on skin and evaporates faster, it must be diluted down to this in order to kill the bacteria. Accessibility Liposomes with an Ethanol Fraction as an Application for Drug Delivery. [1] Toxicity may also rarely occur through extensive skin exposure or breathing in fumes. Homemade Cleaning Products Vs. Commercial Is Natural Best? In light of the well-recognised dangers of methanol, and the absence of any precise legislation prohibiting its presence in methylated spirits, we conclude that methylated spirits should not be used in ABHRs, not least for the risk of toxicity by ingestion as a deliberate act or unintentionally by children, but also because of the risk of toxicity from respiratory and dermal exposure. Yes, methylated spirit is 100% alcohol. Denatured alcohol comes in a variety of forms, some of which contain bittering agents. To increase the pH to 6.01, add the 0.5% (w/v) sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid solution. Inhalation. The site is secure. [11] Formate is toxic because it inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, causing hypoxia at the cellular level, and metabolic acidosis, among a variety of other metabolic disturbances. Sk = Can be absorbed through skin. In addition, the individual is supportive. [1] Symptoms may include a decreased level of consciousness, poor or no coordination, vomiting, abdominal pain, and a specific smell on the breath. Methylated Spirits Removes Stains Other Products Can't, 4. Plum-blossom tapping is effective in alopecia areata and alopecia areata-prone areas in small areas. Many bugs make their homes in our homes and leave evidence of their presence by staining the areas. The initial symptoms of methanol exposure are usually less severe than the symptoms from the ingestion of a similar quantity of ethanol. Arch Dis Child. KD is a Dermatology Research Fellow at the Skin Health Institute, Melbourne. The denatured alcohol also helps dissolve stains such as glue, wax, paint, grease, red wine, and ink stains, producing excellent results if the methylated spirit is not colored. Birds are particularly susceptible to strong aromas. 2020;26(7). Toxic alcohol diagnosis and management: an emergency medicine review. Electric Rider aims to accelerate the transition to a sustainable future so for every EV you purchase you make, they plant a tree. [2] Long-term outcomes may include blindness and kidney failure. Denatonium benzoate is added to Methylated spirits are the Australian equivalent of denatured alcohol. -, Arch Dis Child. The following are three types of footwear. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer: can frequent use cause an elevated blood alcohol level? [1][2] Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include infections, exposure to other toxic alcohols, serotonin syndrome, and diabetic ketoacidosis. Soft porous materials may require a soft brush to work the mixture into the fabric, a cloth to remove the residue, and multiple applications.To keep the mold from returning to your bathroom why not wipe over the tiles each day and as a bonus know the area is sanitized.For furnishings, leather, and other porous surfaces you should first test the mixture on a hidden part to make sure that its colorfast and resistant to the mixture before applying it to the affected area. Fortunately, methylated spirits will not only kill the infestation but will remove the stain their home created.Start with a 50/50 mix of methylated spirits and water to spray the area and kill the bugs. I guess "methylated alcohol" or "methylated spirits" is a proper English translation. 1971 Aug 7;2(7719):296-7 BMC Infect Dis. 1992 Nov;21(11):1303-7. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81891-8. Privacy Since methanol is metabolized to formaldehyde, inhibition of . Kidneys. After it is released, the Exterior is opened up, the pores are sealed, sweat is produced, and the Middle and Lower Jiao are warmed. As little as 10mL of pure methanol when drunk is metabolized into formic acid, which can cause permanent blindness by destruction of the optic nerve. Overexposure can cause death. By using the Mo fa round rubbing technique, it is rubbed over the entire abdomen and the sides until the liquid is absorbed. When dilute to 65-70% alcohol, methylated spirits can be used as rubbing alcohol. Dermal absorption of isopropyl alcohol from a commercial hand rub: implications for its use in hand decontamination. 2006;25(4):249-58. doi: 10.1080/15569520601013160.
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